PowerShell modules

Check where are PowerShell modules located in the system:

$Env:PSModulePath

Returns paths to the locations of the modules locally installed. New modules can be copied to one of those locations in order to make them available.

Check modules available:

Get-Module -ListAvailable

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Decoding OCSP GET requests

Many clients default to OCSP requests via HTTP GET, encoding the request details as part of the URL. These kind of requests can be found in the logs: http://ocsp.ekaitza.net/ocsp/MFQwUjBQME4wTDAJBgUrDgMCGgUABBQ1uvBCJo3G3TPBvK%2BGVqszOaLAawQUb38ZjesMwNeYLEzdGvP%2FZi9TlkACE3cAEdYaIhMmuymSdxoAAAAR1ho%3D As per RFC 6960 , the request is constructed as: GET {url}/{url-encoding of base-64 encoding of the DER encoding of the OCSPRequest} So in order to find out the details of the request we have to: 1. Remove the URL encoding This can be done with different tools, depending on the OS/platform being used.Given the input above: MFQwUjBQME4wTDAJBgUrDgMCGgUABBQ1uvBCJo3G3TPBvK%2BGVqszOaLAawQUb38ZjesMwNeYLEzdGvP%2FZi9TlkACE3cAEdYaIhMmuymSdxoAAAAR1ho%3D the output would be: MFQwUjBQME4wTDAJBgUrDgMCGgUABBQ1uvBCJo3G3TPBvK+GVqszOaLAawQUb38ZjesMwNeYLEzdGvP/Zi9TlkACE3cAEdYaIhMmuymSdxoAAAAR1ho= We can then create a text file with it, e.g.:  $ echo "MFQwUjBQME4wTDAJBgUrDgMCGgUABBQ1uvBCJo3G3TPBvK+GVqsz...
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Signing a CSR with an Enrollment Agent certificate

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Often certificate templates in AD CS are configured to require a set of authorised signatures for issuance: This is useful e.g. when issuance approval is delegated to a component outside of AD CS roles, such as some CA management or registration authority portal software. Combined with the template security settings this can prevent requests from being raised directly from the CA without going through a custom standard request process, and depending on the level of security required, multiple signatures can be enforced and optionally also additional CA certificate manager approval. In order to produce each of this signatures an "Enrollment Agent" certificate is used, a certificate with the "Certificate Request Agent (1.3.6.1.4.1.311.20.2.1)"  Enhanced Key Usage. Sometimes it is required to raise requests directly towards the CA, e.g. using the RPC/DCOM interface from the command line, but it is not desirable and/or possible to change the template configuration, so t...
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Compacting an AD CS database

Given the healthy trend towards decreasing certificate validity periods, it is very likely that the size of an AD CS Certification Authority database will grow following that same trend. Despite regular maintenance activities including deletion of records such as failed, denied etc. it could be that at some point the CA database reaches a problematic size. Deleting records from an AD CS CA database will internally free up the space previously occupied by those records but will not decrease the size of the database file itself. I.e. new records will reuse the freed up space but the total space used by the database file will not decrease. This helps keeping the database size under control but does not help if the size had already increased over acceptable limits; in this case the database must be compacted. The CA is often a critical resource, so it is recommended to keep various backups of different nature, to try to make sure we can recover it in case something goes wrong. Here a ...
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